The secreted polypeptide, encoded by this gene, binds and inactivates members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily signaling proteins, such as bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). By diffusing through extracellular matrices more efficiently than members of the TGF-beta superfamily, this protein may have a principal role in creating morphogenic gradients. The protein appears to have pleiotropic effect, both early in development as well as in later stages. It was originally isolated from Xenopus based on its ability to restore normal dorsal-ventral body axis in embryos that had been artificially ventralized by UV treatment. The results of the mouse knockout of the ortholog suggest that it is involved in numerous developmental processes, such as neural tube fusion and joint formation. Recently, several dominant human NOG mutations in unrelated families with proximal symphalangism (SYM1) and multiple synostoses syndrome (SYNS1) were identified; both SYM1 and SYNS1 have multiple joint fusion as their principal feature, and map to the same region (17q22) as this gene. All of these mutations altered evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of this human gene is highly homologous to that of Xenopus, rat and mouse.

Noggin作为一种重要的胚胎蛋白，在胚胎背腹轴模式形成、神经管发育及神经诱导方面有重要功能。干细胞研究的新进展提示，中枢神经系统发育将持续至生后及成年，包括胚胎及成体干细胞的增殖与分化，而noggin通过拮抗骨形成蛋白(Bone Morphological Protein,BMPs)参与胚胎及成体干细胞的增殖与分化。

参考文献：
1. Noggin基因与中枢神经系统发育的研究进展