pDsRed2-C1

pDsRed2-C1 encodes DsRed2, a DsRed variant that has been engineered for faster maturation and lower non-specific aggregation. Derived from the Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (drFP583; 1), DsRed2, like its progenitor DsRed1, contains a series of silent base-pair changes that correspond to human codon-usage preferences for high expression in mammalian cells (2). In addition to these changes, DsRed2 contains six amino acid substitutions: V105A, I161T, and S197A, which result in the more rapid appearance of red fluorescence in transfected cell lines; and R2A, K5E, and K9T, which prevent the protein from aggregating. (DsRed2 may, however, form the same tetrameric structure as DsRed1 [3].) In mammalian cell cultures when DsRed2 is expressed constitutively, red-emitting cells can be detected by fluorescence microscopy within 24 hours of transfection. Large insoluble aggregates of protein, often observed in bacterial and mammalian cell systems expressing DsRed1, are dramatically reduced in organisms expressing DsRed2. The faster-maturing, more soluble red fluorescent protein is also well tolerated by host cells; mammalian cell cultures transfected with DsRed2 show no obvious signs of reduced viabilityin those cell lines tested, cells expressing DsRed2 display the same morphology (e.g., adherence, light-refraction) and growth characteristics as non-transfected controls.

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pDsRed2-C1质粒序列.txt